This article discusses the idea of Europe, its values and identity from a Central European perspective. It uses the concept of Central Europe as a discursive framework in which ideas of Europe are shaped. Analysing the writings of the Polish-born sociologist and philosopher Zygmunt Bauman, the Hungarian writer Imre Kertész and the Slovenian philosopher and psychoanalyst Slavoj Žižek, the paper explores what Europe means after the twentieth century placed such heavy burdens on the European idea and how the experience of (...) living under communist rule has influenced that idea. Ultimately, the goal is to reveal how these three intellectuals attempt to restore an intellectual and cultural road towards an alternative Europe. (shrink)

The ArgumentThe Netherlands has been a pioneering country in the development of macroeconometric modeling and its use in economic policy. The paper shows that the model was used to overcome the fragmented culture of Dutch pillarization. It proves that the specific use of modeling in the policy process is at least partly shaped by a nation's social structure. The case study relates to the outcome of a controversy within the social democratic pillar in the Netherlands in the period 1930–50 as (...) to how to plan the economic system in the context of the social developments leading up to the crisis, World War II, and the postwar recovery. (shrink)

Dr. J. van Ginneken S.J., whose death occurred on the 20th of October 1945, was the author of the well-known "Principes de Linguistique psychologique". In the above article the writer commemorates Dr. van Ginneken particularly as a significist. During the years 1919-1924 the writer was privileged -- together with his friends L. E. J. Brouwer and Fred. van Eeden -- to collaborate with Dr. van Ginneken on the subject of significs. This collaboration has always been a precious memory to (...) him. It proved moreover, that profound differences in conception about life and world need not prevent a fertile exchange of thoughts, provided the participants are actuated by the serious will to fathom to the depth each other's mentality. (shrink)

In 1998 Ghia Van Eeden was sexually assaulted by a serial rapist who had escaped from police custody due to the negligence of the South African police authorities. Claiming that the State owed a common law duty of care to potential victims to protect them from violent crimes, Van Eeden sought damages for the harm she had suffered. In a path-breaking decision, the Supreme Court of Appeal (S.C.A.) found that a duty of care did indeed exist and that (...) its execution had to be considered in line with the constitutional requirement to protect women's right to be free from violence and the constitutional obligation to develop the common law so as to promote the spirit, purport and objects of the South African Bill of Rights. Examining the Van Eeden decision in terms of its substantial development of the circumstances in which the State may be judged liable for a wrongful omission, this note positions the S.C.A.'s decision in the context of the evolving case law of the Constitutional Court on sexual violence and ultimately questions its practical significance for addressing the prevalent abuse of women in South Africa. (shrink)

In deze tijd van secularisering is het begrijpelijk dat men de filosofie van de religie vaak wil beperken tot een kritiek van de religie en tot de kritische bespreking van de bekende godsbewijzen. 0Dit handboek kiest voor een andere aanpak. De filosofie van de religie is geen monolithische discipline. Filosofie van de religie is soms een binnen-religieuze aangelegenheid waarin de filosofie wordt ingezet als een hulpwetenschap voor de theologie, soms gaat het om een zuiver rationele aangelegenheid, soms domineert een naturalistische (...) blik en soms poogt men vooral de betekenis van het religieuze te verhelderen. Al deze modellen van filosofie van de religie komen hieraan bod en worden in hun historische ontwikkeling besproken. Daarom vertrekt dit handboek niet van de 'gedachte God' van metafysici en wetenschappers ('des philosophes et des savants', Pascal), maar veeleer van de geleefde religie ('la religion vécue', 'lived religion') om na te gaan hoe het religieuze in de praktijk functioneert en wat de betekenis ervan is: "Wat betekent het religieus te zijn?" is een belangrijker vraag dan "Is religie waar?". (shrink)

This book offers a text and translation of Theophrastus' "Metaphysics," together with a full commentary, which may be used as an introduction to the terminology of Aristotle's school. The Introduction provides an assessment of Theophrastus' contribution to Peripatetic thought on the principles of being.

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This is indeed a very nice draft that I have read with great pleasure, and that has helped me to better understand the completeness proof for LCC. Modal fixed point logic allows for an illuminating new version (and a further extension) of that proof. But still. My main comment is that I think the perspective on substitutions in the draft paper is flawed. The general drift of the paper is that relativization, (predicate) substitution and product update are general operations on (...) models, and that it is important to check whether given logical languages are closed under these operations. FO logic is closed under relativization, predicate substitution and product constructions (such as those involved in relative interpretation). The minimal modal logic is closed under relativization, which explains the reduction of epistemic logic (withhout common knowledge) + public announcement to epistemic logic simpliciter (as observed in Van Benthem, [2]). The reduction breaks down as soon as one adds common knowledge. The minimal modal logic is also closed under substitution, which explains the reduction of epistemic logic plus (publicly observable) factual change to epistemic logic simpliciter, via the following reduction axioms (I use !p := φ for the operation of publicly changing the truth value of p to φ): [!p := φ]p ↔ φ [!p := φ]q ↔ q (p and q syntactically different ) [!p := φ]¬ψ ↔ ¬[!p := φ]ψ [!p := φ](ψ1 ∧ ψ2) ↔ [!p := φ]ψ1 ∧ [!p := φ]ψ2 [!p := φ][i]ψ ↔ [i][!p := φ]ψ Unlike the case of relativisation, this can be extended to the case of epistemic logic with common knowledge, by means of: [!p := φ]CGψ ↔ CG[!p := φ]ψ We get the following.. (shrink)

Functions of type n are characteristic functions on n-ary relations. In Beyond the Frege Boundary [6], Keenan established their importance for natural language semantics, by showing that natural language has many examples of irreducible type n functions, where he called a function of type n reducible if it can be represented as a composition of functions of type 1 . We will give a normal form theorem for functions of type n , and use this to show that natural language (...) has many examples of irreducible type n functions in a much stronger sense, where we take a function to be reducible if it can be represented as a composition of functions of lower types. (shrink)

Contemporary epistemological and cognitive studies, as well as recent trends in computer science and game theory have revealed an increasingly important and intimate relationship between Information, Interaction, and Agency. Agents perform actions based on the available information and in the presence of other interacting agents. From this perspective Information, Interaction, and Agency neatly ties together classical themes like rationality, decision-making and belief revision with games, strategies and learning in a multi-agent setting. Unified by the central notions Information, Interaction, and Agency, (...) the essays in this volume provide refreshing methodological perspectives on belief revision, dynamic epistemic logic, von Neumann games, and evolutionary game theory; all of which in turn are central approaches to understanding our own rationality and that of other agents. (shrink)

Toen de jonge Duitse natuurkundige Werner Heisenberg in 1925 ontdekte dat het gedrag van deeltjes op atomair niveau onbepaalbaar is, ontketende hij een wetenschappelijke revolutie die het moderne wereldbeeld op zijn kop zette. Tot het moment van Heisenbergs ontdekking dachten wetenschappers dat alles meetbaar was en leek het een kwestie van tijd voordat de mens de natuur geheel en al zou hebben doorgrond. Met de quantumfysica, waarvoor Heisenberg de grondslag legde, kwam aan dit optimisme een abrupt einde. Er bleek een (...) kloof te gapen tussen onze waarneming en de dynamiek waar alles uit voortkomt.00In?Quantum, de oerknal en God? onderneemt Maarten van Buuren een filosofische verkenning van de consequenties van Werner Heisenbergs ontdekking. Dat brengt Van Buuren tot een nieuw inzicht over de oorsprong van de dingen.?God is Natuur? stelde Baruch Spinoza in de 17e eeuw, maar met de opkomst van de moderne natuurkunde in de 18e en 19e eeuw raakte de natuur haar goddelijke status kwijt. Volgens Van Buuren keert God dankzij de quantumfysica terug als alomvattende kiemkracht in de Natuur. Het idee dat alle natuurprocessen gehoorzamen aan de wet van afkoeling en verval moet volgens hem worden herzien. Aan afkoeling en verval gaat een dynamische impuls vooraf waaruit alle dingen ontstaan en die de energie levert voor alles wat groeit en bloeit.?Vormkracht? is de motor van het universum.0. (shrink)

This paper sketches an approach to pronoun reference resolution in context based on a dynamic incremental semantics for NL in polymorphic type theory. Our set-up provides full incrementality of processing, and can handle salience and pronoun resolution in context. An implementation of the system in Haskell, in ‘literate programming’ style, exists. The full literate source code can be found at http://www.cwi.nl/ jve/papers/02/rric.